Joann Lodescar, MD, Stamford Health Medical Group

Though COVID-19 still dominates headlines, seasonal cold and flu viruses are making their way into schools, homes, and workplaces, too. Learn how to recognize these common illnesses and care for yourself or a loved one who’s sick.

What are signs of the cold and the flu?

Sore throat, fatigue, and a stuffy nose are often the first signs of a cold or flu. These viruses cause an infection of the upper respiratory system: the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs.

Is it a cold or flu?

Symptoms are the easiest way to figure out which type of illness you have.

Cold Symptoms

It’s likely a cold if you experience:

• Coughing
• Mild chest discomfort or congestion
• Mild fatigue
• Sneezing
• Sore throat
• Stuffy or runny nose with yellow or green mucus
• Watery eyes

Fever from a cold is uncommon in adults but may occur with children.

Flu Symptoms

You may have the flu if you experience:

• Body aches
• Chest discomfort and congestion
• Chills or sweats
• Coughing
• Fever that can last up to four days
• Headache
• Long-lasting fatigue or exhaustion
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat

Cold & flu home remedies

Nothing can cure a cold or flu, but these things can help you find comfort:

• Humidifiers to provide moisture in your home to reduce congestion
• Ibuprofen to relieve pain; follow the box for directions on the correct dosage and frequency
• Rest to allow your body to heal
• Saline nasal drops and spray to help with stuffiness and congestion
• Water, juice, broth, and non-caffeinated tea with lemon to help you stay hydrated
• Warm liquids and honey to help congestion and reduce coughing

Should I see a doctor?

See a doctor if you have:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Dizziness or confusion
• Extreme weakness
• Fever or cough that improves but then returns or worsens
• Dehydration (meaning you haven’t gone to the bathroom in eight hours or more)
• Seizures
• Severe muscle pain
• Symptoms that are worsening

Where to get care

Your primary care doctor is usually your best choice when you think you have a cold or flu. But if this professional isn’t available, use this care options guide to compare immediate care, walk-in care, and virtual care and find what’s right for you.